You asked

what other social divides were significant in paul's time, beyond those listed explicitly?

The passage, plainly, with room to sit with it.

Galatians 3:28

“There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is no male and female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”

Paul wrote his letter to the Galatians in the mid-first century CE to address concerns about new Christians being pressured to adopt Jewish customs, particularly circumcision. This verse comes in a section emphasizing that faith, not adherence to the Jewish law, defines one's relationship with God.

what aspects of our own identities and social distinctions do we find most challenging to see as 'one' today?

Keep thinking

Read alongside it

Colossians 3:11
Echoes Galatians by stating that in Christ there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, or free.
Romans 10:12
States that there is no distinction between Jew and Greek for salvation, as the same Lord is Lord of all.
1 Corinthians 12:13
Emphasizes that all believers, regardless of Jew or Greek, slave or free, are baptized into one body.

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