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what sabbath rules were the pharisees following that jesus's disciples broke?

The passage, plainly, with room to sit with it.

Mark 2:23-28

It happened that he was going on the Sabbath day through the grain fields, and his disciples, as they went, began to pluck the heads of grain. The Pharisees said to him, "Behold, why do your disciples do that which is not lawful on the Sabbath day?" He said to them, "Did you never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry—he, and those who were with him; how he entered into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the show bread, which it is not lawful to eat except for the priests, and gave also to those who were with him?" He said to them, "The Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath. Therefore the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath."

This passage is from the Gospel of Mark, which recounts the life and teachings of Jesus. Here, Jesus and his disciples are walking through fields on the Sabbath, a day of rest commanded in Jewish law. They pluck grain to eat, an action which prompts criticism from the Pharisees, a Jewish religious group known for their strict interpretation of the Law.

What does it mean for a rule or custom to truly serve human well-being, and when does it unintentionally burden or restrict it?

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Read alongside it

  • Matthew 12:1-8

    A parallel account of the same incident, including Jesus's reference to Hosea 6:6 ('I desire mercy, not sacrifice').

  • Luke 6:1-5

    Another parallel account, emphasizing Jesus's authority over the Sabbath.

  • Exodus 34:21

    A core commandment about the Sabbath, stating 'You shall do no work' even during plowing and harvest.

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