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what was the common understanding of 'neighbor' among jews in jesus's time?

The passage, plainly, with room to sit with it.

Luke 10:29-37

But he, desiring to justify himself, asked Jesus, "Who is my neighbor?" Jesus replied, "A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead. By chance a certain priest was going down that way. When he saw him, he passed by on the other side. In the same way a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a certain Samaritan, as he traveled, came where he was. When he saw him, he was moved with compassion, came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. He set him on his own animal, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, and gave them to the host, and said to him, 'Take care of him. Whatever else you spend, I will repay you when I return.' Which of these three, do you think, proved to be a neighbor to him who fell among the robbers?" He said, "He who showed mercy on him." Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do likewise."

In this passage, a lawyer asks Jesus what he needs to do to inherit eternal life. Jesus responds by asking the lawyer about the Law, specifically mentioning the commands to love God and love your neighbor. The lawyer, seeking to narrow the scope of the command, then asks Jesus, “Who is my neighbor?” Jesus answers with the parable of the Good Samaritan.

What does this story challenge or confirm about how we define 'neighbor' today?

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Read alongside it

  • Leviticus 19:18

    This is the core commandment to 'love your neighbor as yourself' that the lawyer quotes.

  • Matthew 5:43-48

    Jesus expands on the concept of neighbor by calling followers to love even their enemies.

  • Romans 13:8-10

    Paul reaffirms that loving your neighbor fulfills the law, echoing Jesus's teaching.

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