You asked

how do later biblical texts, like proverbs or new testament teachings, expand on or reinterpret the ethics of lending?

The passage, plainly, with room to sit with it.

Deuteronomy 23:19-20

“You shall not lend on interest to your brother: interest of money, interest of food, interest of anything that is lent on interest. You may lend on interest to a foreigner; but to your brother you shall not lend on interest, that Yahweh your God may bless you in all that you put your hand to, in the land into which you are entering to possess it.”

This passage is part of Moses's address to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the promised land. It's a set of laws and instructions meant to establish a just and distinct society among the people of Israel, distinguishing their internal practices from those with outsiders.

What does this passage reveal about the economic and social ideals for a community rooted in mutual support?

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Read alongside it

Exodus 22:25
This earlier law also prohibits interest when lending to the poor among the Israelites.
Luke 6:34-35
Jesus challenges the expectation of return on loans, urging generosity even to those who cannot repay.
Proverbs 28:8
This proverb warns that wealth gained by interest or dishonest means will ultimately go to someone who is kind to the poor.

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