You asked

how might principles of non interest lending be applied in modern economies to support vulnerable populations?

The passage, plainly, with room to sit with it.

Exodus 22:25

“If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor. You shall not charge him interest.”

This verse is part of a series of laws given by God to Moses for the people of Israel after their Exodus from Egypt. It outlines fundamental principles for how the community should treat its most vulnerable members, particularly regarding financial matters.

what responsibilities do we have to restructure financial systems to protect the vulnerable, rather than simply offering charity?

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Read alongside it

Deuteronomy 23:19-20
This passage reiterates the prohibition of interest on loans to fellow Israelites but allows it for foreigners.
Leviticus 25:35-37
This expands on caring for the impoverished, emphasizing support and forbidding interest or profit from their need.
Nehemiah 5:1-12
This narrative describes Nehemiah's challenge to the wealthy who were charging interest to the poor during a time of famine.

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