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what was the common understanding of kingship in surrounding nations at that time?

The passage, plainly, with room to sit with it.

1 Samuel 8:4-7

Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel to Ramah; and they said to him, "Behold, you are old, and your sons don't walk in your ways. Now make us a king to judge us like all the nations." The thing displeased Samuel, when they said, "Give us a king to judge us." Samuel prayed to Yahweh. Yahweh said to Samuel, "Listen to the voice of the people in all that they tell you; for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me, that I should not be king over them."

This passage describes the elders of Israel approaching the prophet Samuel in the late 11th century BCE. They express their desire for a king to lead them, specifically one like the kings of other nations, rather than continuing under the system of judges led by God.

What does it mean for a community to desire a leader like those 'of all the nations,' and what might be lost or gained in that desire?

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Read alongside it

  • Deuteronomy 17:14-20

    This earlier law anticipates Israel's desire for a king and sets out unique guidelines for an Israelite monarchy.

  • Judges 8:22-23

    Gideon's refusal to be king highlights the ideal that Yahweh alone should rule Israel, predating the request in 1 Samuel.

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